Questioning for clarification
Asking a tutor, etc, for repetition, paraphrasing, explanation, and/or examples. For example, if a student of Spanish does not understand the tutor's explanation of the difference between 'ser' (to be permanently…) and 'estar' (to be temporarily…), then he or she might ask the tutor to provide two or three examples.

Cooperation
Working with one or more peers to obtain feedback, pool information, etc. For example, a group of students may get together on a regular basis to test each other on vocabulary.

Self-talk
Reducing anxiety by using mental techniques that make one feel competent to do the learning task. For example, when faced with a daunting activity, a student may remind himself or herself of successful instances of performance in the foreign language.

Self-reinforcement
Providing personal motivation by arranging rewards for oneself when a language learning activity has been successfully completed. For example, when learning a list of vocabulary, a student might promise him- or herself a trip to the pub when it is finished.

Socialization
Seeking out opportunities to speak the language with native speakers. For example, students might decide to enter a chat room on the Internet and chat with native speakers about a topic in which they are interested.

Task 3