In this module, we have examined grammar at a number of levels. We have concluded that there is considerable justification for focusing on structural elements. We have examined how methodology influences the way we teach grammar, and we have looked at how grammar is organized within the traditional syllabus. We have also looked at the important difference between focusing on form, and focusing on forms, and the consequences this has for teaching approaches.

In conclusion, there is clearly still a role for traditional, intuition-based grammar in introductory level courses, with the use of non-authentic materials and a prototype-driven structural syllabus. Beyond this preparation stage, as proficiency levels increase and authentic materials become standard, students will move on to dealing with richer, more complex and more authentic grammatical descriptions.